Global stocks have taken a beating this month, but one surprising market has bucked the overall negative trend: Brazil.
Brazil's Bovespa index is up more than 8 percent in October. The iShares MSCI Brazil ETF (EWZ) — which tracks Brazilian shares — has skyrocketed more than 18 percent this month, its best pace since March 2016. Meanwhile, the iShares MSCI ACWI ETF (ACWI) — which tracks stocks from around the world — has plummeted nearly 9 percent in October, its worst month since May 2012.
The stark outperformance of Brazil's stock market came ahead of the second round of the country's presidential election. Far-right candidate Jair Bolsonaro emerged victorious over leftist Fernando Haddad.
The question now for markets is whether Bolsonaro's administration will be able to maintain those gains.
Analysts including Daniel Osorio, president at Andean Capital Advisors, cautioned that the stock rally and increased confidence in Brazil are not reflective of faith in Bolsonaro, but rather relief that the PT, Haddad's far-left Workers Party, will not once again take the reins of the world's eighth largest economy. "The market is sick and tired of the PT party presiding over Brazil," Osorio said.
Haddad became the Workers Party candidate after a court banned former President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva from running again. Da Silva, better known as Lula, is serving a 12-year sentence for corruption.
Lula's government — along with that of Dilma Rousseff, his successor — led to a ballooning fiscal deficit and contributed to an unsustainable pension system, which surged from 3 percent of GDP in 2013 to 8 percent of GDP last year. Those two leaders also presided over the country's worst recession in its history. Unemployment has not yet recovered, still sitting at 12 percent as of September. Brazil's economic troubles, coupled with increasing crime and a record murder rate in 2017, have made Bolsonaro more appealing to the Brazilian electorate.
"The key question is what happens next, once Bolsonaro is actually in office, a polarizing, socially fragmenting figure. Does this man have the capability of uniting Brazil and enacting very important reforms?"-Daniel Osorio, president, Andean Capital Advisors
"The key question is what happens next, once Bolsonaro is actually in office, a polarizing, socially fragmenting figure. Does this man have the capability of uniting Brazil and enacting very important reforms?" Osorio asked, adding, "I don't think he has the conciliatory behavior and skills to take on and tackle these big-ticket issues — issues that stand in the way of Brazil's evolution and development."
Investors have cheered Bolsonaro because of his economic platform — in particular advocating for greater central bank independence and privatizing state-run companies. Over the past few weeks of the campaign, Bolsonaro pledged to cut the public pension system and reduce the number of ministries in order to streamline government.
Though in some cases he hasn't offered specifics in his economic platform, many have pointed to his choice of University of Chicago-trained economist Paulo Guedes as his chief financial advisor as evidence Bolsonaro could take up more investment-friendly policies.
Brazilian stocks posted their best day in over a year after Bolsonaro's first round victory on Oct. 7 and have marched higher since.
Even more impressive, Brazilian shares' strong run has come amid a downtrend for emerging markets overall, given a sharp rise in the dollar. The greenback hit its highest levels since mid-August on Thursday.
The iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF (EEM) — which tracks emerging market economies — hit an 18-month low amid a broader market sell-off. The index is down more than 20 percent from its recent highs in late January, a level some traders consider bear market territory.
Is The Rally 'Overdone'?
Analysts caution the rally could be short-lived following the election. Bolsonaro, who has been criticized for making racist and homophobic comments, could lack the political capital necessary to tackle economic reforms.
Others have pointed to his track record in Congress — he advocated raising public sector pay and resisted the privatization of state-owned entities — as indicative of an unpredictable leadership style that could frustrate policymakers and investors alike.
Win Thin, global head of emerging market currency strategy at Brown Brothers Harriman, said the recent run-up in Brazilian stocks could be "overdone," citing the widespread under-performance among emerging markets. And, despite rallying in recent weeks on the hopes of Bolsonaro's victory, the Brazilian real has still fallen more than 10 percent against the dollar this year.
Meanwhile, other analysts have pointed to earlier elections in emerging economies as a good test case, including Argentina in 2015 and India in 2014. In both cases, pro-business candidates inspired double-digit stock market rallies — only to fade over the next 12 to 18 months.
